| C&F
Terms of Sale, or INCOTERMS. |
|
| Obsolete,
albeit heavily used, term of sale meaning "cargo and
freight" whereby Seller pays for cost of goods and
freight charges up to destination port. In July, 1990 the
International Chamber of Commerce replaced C&F with CFR. |
|
| Cabotage |
|
| Water
transportation term applicable to shipments between ports of a
nation; commonly refers to coast-wise or inter-coastal
navigation or trade. Many nations, including the United
States, have cabotage laws which require national flag vessels
to provide domestic interport service. |
|
| CAF |
|
| Abbreviation
for "Currency Adjustment Factor." A charge,
expressed as a percentage of a base rate, that is applied to
compensate ocean carriers of currency fluctuations. |
|
| Captain's
Protest |
|
| A
document prepared by the captain of a vessel on arriving at
port; shows conditions encountered during voyage, generally
for the purpose of relieving ship owner of any loss to cargo
and shifting responsibility for reimbursement to the insurance
company. |
|
| Car
Pooling |
|
| Use
of individual carrier/rail equipment through a central agency
for the benefit of carriers and shippers. |
|
| Car
Seal |
|
| Metal
strip and lead fastener used for locking freight car or truck
doors. Seals are numbered for record purposes. |
|
| Carfloat |
|
| A
barge equipped with tracks on which up to about 12 railroad
cars are moved in harbors or inland waterways. |
|
| Cargo |
|
| Freight
loaded into a ship. |
|
| Cargo
Manifest |
|
| A
manifest that lists all cargo carried on a specific vessel
voyage. |
|
| Cargo
NOS |
|
| Cargo
Not Otherwise Specified. Usually the rate entry in a tariff
that can apply to commodities not covered under a specific
item or sub_item in the applicable tariff. |
|
| Cargo
Preference |
|
| Cargo
reserved by a Nation's laws for transportation only on vessels
registered in that Nation. Typically the cargo is moving due
to a direct or indirect support or activity of the Government. |
|
| Cargo
Tonnage |
|
| Most
ocean freight is billed on the basis of weight or measurement
tons (W/M). Weight tons can be expressed in short tons of 2000
pounds, long tons of 2240 pounds or metric tons of 1000 kilos
(2204.62 pounds). Measurement tons are usually expressed as
cargo measurement of 40 cubic feet (1.12 meters) or cubic
meters (35.3 cubic feet.) |
|
| Carload
Rate |
|
| A
rate applicable to a carload of goods. |
|
| Carnet |
|
| A
Customs document permitting the holder to temporarily carry or
send merchandise into certain foreign countries (for display,
demonstration or similar purposes) without paying duties or
posting bonds. Any of various Customs documents required for
crossing some international borders. |
|
| Carrier |
|
| Any
person or entity who, in a contract of carriage, undertakes to
perform or to procure the performance of carriage by rail,
road, sea, air, inland waterway or by a combination of such
modes. |
|
| Carrier's
Certificate |
|
| A
certificate required by U.S. Customs to release cargo properly
to the correct party. |
|
| Cartage |
|
| Usually
refers to intra_city hauling on drays or trucks. |
|
| Cartment |
|
| Customs
form permitting in_bond cargo to be moved from one location to
another under Customs control, within the same Customs
district. Usually in motor carrier's possession while draying
cargo. |
|
| Cash
Against Documents (CAD) |
|
| Method
of payment for goods in which documents transferring title are
given the buyer upon payment of cash to an intermediary acting
for the seller, usually a commission house. |
|
| Cash
in Advance (CIA) |
|
| A
method of payment for goods in which the buyer pays the seller
in advance of the shipment of goods. Usually employed when the
goods, such as specialized machinery, are built to order. |
|
| Cash
With Order (CWO) |
|
| A
method of payment for goods in which cash is paid at the time
of order and the transaction becomes binding on both buyer and
seller. |
|
| CBM
(CM) |
|
| Abbreviation
for "Cubic Meter." |
|
| CE |
|
| Abbreviation
for "Consumption Entry." The process of declaring
the importation of foreign_made goods for use in the United
States. |
|
| Cells |
|
| The
construction system employed in container vessels; permits
ship containers to be stowed in a vertical line with each
container supporting the one above it. |
|
| Center
of Gravity |
|
| The
point of equilibrium of the total weight of a containership,
truck, train or a piece of cargo. |
|
| Certificate |
|
| The
document issued by the U.S. Coast Guard certifying an American
flag vessel's compliance with applicable laws and regulations. |
|
| Certificate
of Origin |
|
| A
certified document showing the origin of goods; used in
international commerce. |
|
| CFS |
|
| Abbreviation
for "Container Freight Station." A shipping dock
where cargo is loaded ("stuffed") into or unloaded
("stripped") from containers. Generally, this
involves less than containerload shipments, although small
shipments destined to same consignee are often consolidated.
Container reloading from/to rail or motor carrier equipment is
a typical activity. |
|
| Charter
Party |
|
| A
written contract between the owner of a vessel and the person
desiring to employ the vessel (charterer); sets forth the
terms of the arrangement such as duration of agreement,
freight rate and ports involved in the trip. |
|
| Chassis |
|
| A
frame with wheels and container locking devices in order to
secure the container for movement. |
|
| Chock |
|
| A
piece of wood or other material placed at the side of cargo to
prevent rolling or moving sideways. |
|
| CI |
|
| Abbreviation
for "Cost and Insurance." A price that includes the
cost of the goods, the marine insurance and all transportation
charges except the ocean freight to the named point of
destination. |
|
| CIF |
|
| Abbreviation
for "Cost, Insurance, Freight." (Named Port) Same as
C&F or CFR except seller also provides insurance to named
destination. |
|
| CIF&C |
|
| Price
includes commission as well as CIF. |
|
| CIF&E |
|
| Abbreviation
for "Cost, Insurance, Freight And Exchange." |
|
| CIFCI |
|
| Abbreviation
for "Cost, Insurance, Freight, Collection And
Interest." |
|
| CIFI&E |
|
| Cost,
Insurance, Freight, Interest and Exchange. |
|
| CKD |
|
| Abbreviation
for "Completely Knocked Down." Parts and
subassemblies being transported to an assembly plant. |
|
| CL |
|
| Abbreviation
for "Carload" and "Containerload". |
|
| Claim |
|
| A
demand made upon a transportation line for payment on account
of a loss sustained through its alleged negligence. |
|
| Classification |
|
| A
publication,such as Uniform Freight Classification (railroad)
or the National Motor Freight Classification (motor carrier),
that assigns ratings to various articles and provides bill of
lading descriptions and rules. |
|
| Classification
Rating |
|
| The
designation provided in a classification by which a class rate
is determined. |
|
| Classification
Yard |
|
| A
railroad yard with many tracks used for assembling freight
trains. |
|
| Clayton
Act |
|
| An
anti_trust act of the U.S. Congress making price
discrimination unlawful. |
|
| Clean
Bill of Lading |
|
| A
receipt for goods issued by a carrier with an indication that
the goods were received in "apparent good order and
condition," without damage or other irregularities. If no
notation or exception is made, the B/L is assumed to be
"cleaned." |
|
| Cleaning
in Transit |
|
| The
stopping of articles, such as peanuts, etc., for cleaning at a
point between the point of origin and destination. |
|
| Clearance |
|
| The
size beyond which cars or loads cannot use Limits bridges,
tunnels, etc. |
|
| Cleat |
|
| A
strip of wood or metal used to afford additional strength, to
prevent warping, or to hold in place. |
|
| Clip-On |
|
| Refrigeration
equipment attachable to an insulated container that does not
have its own refrigeration unit. |
|
| CM |
|
| Abbreviation
for "Cubic Meter" (capital letters). |
|
| Coastwise |
|
| Water
transportation along the coast. |
|
| COD |
|
| Abbreviation
for: Collect (cash) on Delivery. Carried on Docket (pricing). |
|
| COFC |
|
| Abbreviation
for the Railway Service "Container On Flat Car." |
|
| COGSA |
|
| Carriage
of Goods by Sea Act. U.S. federal codification passed in 1936
which standardizes carrier's liability under carrier's bill of
lading. U.S. enactment of The Hague Rules. |
|
| Collecting |
|
| A
bank that acts as an agent to the seller's bank (the
presenting bank). The collecting bank assumes no
responsibility for either the documents or the merchandise. |
|
| Collection |
|
| A
draft drawn on the buyer, usually accompanied by documents,
with complete instructions concerning processing for payment
or acceptance. |
|
| Combination
Export Mgr. |
|
| A
firm that acts as an export sales agent for more than one
noncompeting manufacturer. |
|
| Combination
Rate |
|
| A
rate made up of two or more factors, separately published. |
|
| Commercial
Invoice |
|
| Represents
a complete record of the transaction between exporter and
importer with regard to the goods sold. Also reports the
content of the shipment and serves as the basis for all other
documents about the shipment. |
|
| Commodity |
|
| Article
shipped. For dangerous and hazardous cargo, the correct
commodity identification is critical. |
|
| Commodity
Rate |
|
| A
rate published to apply to a specific article or articles. |
|
| Common
Carrier |
|
| A
transportation company which provides service to the general
public at published rates. |
|
| Common
Law |
|
| Law
that derives its force and authority from precedent, custom
and usage rather than from statutes, particularly with
reference to the laws of England and the United States. |
|
| Concealed
Damage |
|
| Damage
that is not evident from viewing the unopened package. |
|
| Conference |
|
| An
association of ship owners operating in the same trade route
who operate under collective conditions and agree on tariff
rates. |
|
| Confirmed
Letter of Credit |
|
| A
letter of credit, issued by a foreign bank, whose validity has
been confirmed by a domestic bank. An exporter with a
confirmed letter of credit is assured of payment even if the
foreign buyer or the foreign bank defaults. |
|
| Confirming
Bank |
|
| The
bank that adds its confirmation to another bank's (the issuing
bank's) letter of credit and promises to pay the beneficiary
upon presentation of documents specified in the letter of
credit. |
|
| Connecting
Carrier |
|
| A
carrier which has a direct physical connection with, or forms
a link between two or more carriers. |
|
| Consignee |
|
| A
person or company to whom commodities are shipped. |
|
| Consignee
Mark |
|
| A
symbol placed on packages for identification purposes;
generally a triangle,square, circle, etc. with letters and/or
numbers and port of discharge. |
|
| Consignment |
|
| (1)
A stock of merchandise advanced to a dealer and located at his
place of business, but with title remaining in the source of
supply. (2) A shipment of goods to a consignee. |
|
| Consignor |
|
| A
person or company shown on the bill of lading as the shipper. |
|
| Consolidation |
|
| Cargo
containing shipments of two or more shippers or suppliers.
Containerload shipments may be consolidated for one or more
consignees. |
|
| Consolidator |
|
| A
person or firm performing a consolidation service for others.
The consolidator takes advantage of lower full carload (FCL)
rates, and savings are passed on to shippers. |
|
| Construction
Differential Subsidy |
|
| A
program whereby the U.S. government attempted to offset the
higher shipbuilding cost in the U.S. by paying up to 50% of
the difference between cost of U.S. and non_U.S. construction.
The difference went to the U.S. shipyard. It is unfunded since
1982. |
|
| Consul |
|
| A
government official residing in a foreign country who
represents the interests of her or his country and its
nationals. |
|
| Consular
Declaration |
|
| A
formal statement describing goods to be shipped; filed with
and approved by the consul of the country of destination prior
to shipment. |
|
| Consular
Invoice |
|
| A
document, certified by a consular official, is required by
some countries to describe a shipment. Used by Customs of the
foreign country, to verify the value, quantity and nature of
the cargo. |
|
| Consular
Visa |
|
| An
official signature or seal affixed to certain documents by the
consul of the country of destination. |
|
| Consumption
Entry (CE) |
|
| The
process of declaring the importation of foreign-made goods
into the United States for use in the United States. |
|
| Container |
|
| A
truck trailer body that can be detached from the chassis for
loading into a vessel, a rail car or stacked in a container
depot. Containers may be ventilated, insulated, refrigerated,
flat rack, vehicle rack, open top, bulk liquid or equipped
with interior devices. A container may be 20 feet, 40 feet, 45
feet, 48 feet or 53 feet in length, 8'0" or 8'6" in
width, and 8'6" or 9'6" in height. |
|
| Container
Booking |
|
| Arrangements
with a steamship line to transport containerized cargo. |
|
| Container
Freight Station |
|
| See
CFS. |
|
| Container
Load |
|
| A
load sufficient in size to fill a container either by cubic
measurement or by weight. |
|
| Container
Manifest |
|
| Document
showing contents and loading sequence of a container. |
|
| Container
Pool |
|
| An
agreement between parties that allows the efficient use and
supply of containers. A common supply of containers available
to the shipper as required. |
|
| Container
Terminal |
|
| An
area designated for the stowage of cargoes in container;
usually accessible by truck, railroad and marine
transportation. Here containers are picked up, dropped off,
maintained and housed. |
|
| Container
Yard (CY) |
|
| A
materials_handling/storage facility used for completely
unitized loads in containers and/or empty containers. Commonly
referred to as CY. |
|
| Containerizable
Cargo |
|
| Cargo
that will fit into a container and result in an economical
shipment. |
|
| Containerization |
|
| Stowage
of general or special cargoes in a container for transport in
the various modes. |
|
| Contraband |
|
| Cargo
that is prohibited. |
|
| Contract |
|
| A
legally binding agreement between two or more
persons/organizations to carry out reciprocal obligations or
value. |
|
| Contract
Carrier |
|
| Any
person not a common carrier who, under special and individual
contracts or agreements, transports passengers or property for
compensation. |
|
| Controlled
Atmosphere |
|
| Sophisticated,
computer_controlled systems that manage the mixtures of gases
within a container throughout an intermodal journey reducing
decay. |
|
| Corner
Posts |
|
| Vertical
frame components fitted at the corners of the container,
integral to the corner fittings and connecting the roof and
floor structures. Containers are lifted and secured in a stack
using the castings at the ends. |
|
| Correspondent
Bank |
|
| A
bank that, in its own country, handles the business of a
foreign bank. |
|
| Cost,
Insurance and Freight (CIF) |
|
| Cost
of goods, marine insurance and all transportation (freight)
charges are paid to the foreign point of delivery by the
seller. |
|
| Countervailing
Duty |
|
| An
additional duty imposed to offset export grants, bounties or
subsidies paid to foreign suppliers in certain countries by
the government of that country for the purpose of promoting
export. |
|
| Cross
Member |
|
| Transverse
members fitted to the bottom side rails of a container, which
support the floor. |
|
| Cu. |
|
| An
abbreviation for "Cubic." A unit of volume
measurement. |
|
| Cube
Out |
|
| When
a container or vessel has reached its volumetric capacity
before its permitted weight limit. |
|
| Cubic
Foot |
|
| 1,728
cubic inches. A volume contained in a space measuring one foot
high, one foot wide and one foot long. |
|
| Customhouse |
|
| A
government office where duties are paid, import documents
filed, etc., on foreign shipments. |
|
| Customhouse
Broker |
|
| A
person or firm, licensed by the treasury department of their
country when required, engaged in entering and clearing goods
through Customs for a client (importer). |
|
| Customs |
|
| Government
agency charged with enforcing the rules passed to protect the
country's import and export revenues. |
|
| Customs
Bonded Warehouse |
|
| A
warehouse authorized by Customs to receive duty-free
merchandise. |
|
| Customs
Entry |
|
| All
countries require that the importer make a declaration on
incoming foreign goods. The importer then normally pays a duty
on the imported merchandise. The importer's statement is
compared against the carrier's vessel manifest to ensure that
all foreign goods are properly declared. |
|
| Customs
Invoice |
|
| A
form requiring all data in a commercial invoice along with a
certificate of value and/or a certificate of origin. Required
in a few countries (usually former British territories) and
usually serves as a seller's commercial invoice. |
|
| Customs
of the Port |
|
| A
phrase often included in charter parties and freight contracts
referring to local rules and practices which may impact upon
the costs borne by the various parties. |
|
| Cut-Off
Time |
|
| The
latest time cargo may be delivered to a terminal for loading
to a scheduled train or ship. |
|
| Cwt. |
|
| Hundred
weight (United States, 100 pounds: U.K.,112) |
|
| CY |
|
| Abbreviation
for Container Yard. |
|
